Analytical Exposition Text

A.    Definition

Analytical exposition text is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon surrounding.

B.   Social Function

To persuade the reader or listener that something is the case or the idea is important matter.

C.   Generic Structure

·         A Thesis

Position : Introduces topic and indicates writer’s position.

Preview : Outlines the main arguments to be presented.

·         Arguments

Point : Restates main arguments outlines in Preview.

Elaboration : Develops and supports each point/argument.

·         Reiteration

Restates writer’s position.

D.   Significant Lexicogrammatical Features

·         Focus on generic human and non human participants.

·         Use mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or feels about something, for example: realize, feel, etc.

·         Need material processes. It is used to state what happens, for example: has polluted, etc.

·         Use of simple present tense.

·         Use of relational processes.

·         Use of internal conjunction to state argument.

·         Reasoning through casual conjunction or nominalization.

E.    Sentence connectors to link arguments

·         One important effect

·         In addition

·         Furthermore

·         Moreover

·         Besides

·         Also

·         Next

·         Last

·         Firstly

·         Secondly

·         Thirdly

·         Finally

F.    Phrase for making conclusion

·         One thing is clear,...

·         From the facts above, I personally believe...

·         From the reason listed above, I conclude that...

·         Therefore...

·         My conclusion is that...

·         It can be concluded that...

·         In summary

·         Thus,...

·         In brief,...

·         In short,...

·         We can see that...

·         It is clear that...

·         There can be no doubt that...

·         The evidence suggests that...

G.   Conjunctions

To express time	: after, before, since, antil, when, while, as
To express cause	: because, since, as
To express condition	: if, unless
To express contrast	: athough, even though, though
To express purpose	: in order to, so that
To express identification	: that, when, where, which, who

H.   Examples

The Factors Causing Global Warming

Thesis

Global warming is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard to predict far in advance. But each year people learn more about what causes global warming. From the case mentioned above, the writer is going to explain three factors causing global warming.

Argument 1

First, people argue that vehicles and industries pollution make global warming happen. We know that emission gas of industries and vehicles cause increasing of carbon dioxide and air vapor in atmosphere which makes world temperature hotter, called greenhouse effect.

Argument 2

Second, illegal logging is one of causes global warming. For example, in our country, Indonesia, illegal logging is most popular activity. Many people, government or commoners like do it. Ironic, they know, if they cut trees more and more, temperature of world will increase. Consequently, Earth to be hotter. But no one care with this problem.

Argument 3

Third, using electricity much more, it can cause temperature of earth warm up. In common, people produce energy by using fossil power that makes carbon dioxide in atmosphere increase.

Reiteration

From the facts above, I can conclude that global warming can be caused by vehicles and industries pollution, illegal logging and the use of over-electricity. So, we should have to save our earth right.

Example 2:

CARS SHOULD BE BANNED IN THE CITY

              Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.

              Firstly, cars, as we all know, give contribution to the most of the pollution in the world. Cars emit deadly gas that causes illness such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.

              Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.

              Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or to concentrate on your homework, and especially when you talk to someone.

              In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reason listed.

The Importance of Rainforests

Rainforests are one of the most complicated environments on Earth. They are recognized worldwide as containing the richest source of plants and animals and are believed to contain nearly three-quarters of all the varieties of life on Earth. This is remarkable because rainforests cover only about six per cent of the Earth's land surface.

Rainforest are the oldest major ecosystem, having survived climate changes for more than one million years. They provide habitats for more species of plants, animals, insects and birds than any other environment found on our planet. Scientists estimate that between 60 and 90 per cent of all species of life are to be found in rainforests. Unfortunately, the widespread destruction of many of the world's rainforests has caused a significant decline in the number of plant and animal species on Earth.

Rainforests influence both our local and global climates. For example, between 50 and 80 per cent of the moisture in the air above rainforests comes from the rainforest's trees. If large areas of these lush rainforests are cleared, the average rainfall in the area will drop. Eventually, the area's climate will get hotter and drier. This process could convert rainforests into a sparse grassland or desert.

Rainforests are also able to absorb over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their leaves and mosses. By doing this, they are able to slow down water run-off by gradually releasing the water over time into streams and rivers. This helps to control soil erosion and flooding.

Rainforests are vital to the Earth in helping to recycle carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas put into the air globally by humans, mainly by the burning of fossil fuels (for example in cars and factories). Rainforests are able to remove carbon dioxide from the air and return oxygen in its place. This is why our global rainforests are often called the Earth's ‘lungs'.

Rainforests are major producers of the Earth's oxygen. In fact, scientists believe that nearly 50 per cent of the Earth's oxygen is produced by rainforest in the Amazon region alone. Nearly 40 per cent of the world's carbon is contained in the trees of the rainforests. As rainforests are cut down and burned, carbon dioxide is released into the Earth's atmosphere. Eventually, as this gas builds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientists call the enhanced greenhouse effect.

To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human life. It creates equilibrium in our environment and its resources are significant for human beings survival.

Taken from SOSE: Studies of Society and Environment, 2000 citied from Developing English Competencies for Grade XI of Language Programme

Is Smoking Good for Us?

Thesis	Before smoking, it is better to look at the fact. About 50 thousand people die every year in Britain as direct result of smoking. Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.
Arguments	Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If ones smoke five cigarettes a day, they are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. If they smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen greater. Besides, ninety five percent of people who suffer of bronchitis are people who are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of heart disease than non smokers. In addition, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen cigarettes.
Reiteration	Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much money from smoking habit. Smoking however is not good for everybody else.